21 Points of Ankle Arthroscopy

The 21-point examination was developed by Richard D. Ferkel (22) to establish a reproducible and thorough intra-articular examination of the ankle. It consists of an 8-point anterior examination, a 6-point central examination, and a 7-point posterior examination. 

8-point anterior exam:

6-point central exam:

7-point posterior exam: 

Ferkel RD, Cheng JC. Ankle and Subtalar Arthroscopy. In: Kelikian A, ed. Operative Treatment of the Foot and Ankle. New York: Appleton-Croft, 1999:321